Biodiversity of butterflies in endosulfan-affected areas of Rewa (M.P.)

Butterflies are considered bioindicators of a healthy and diversified ecosystem. Endosulfan was sprayed indiscriminately on large plantations in the Rewa district Madhya Pradesh, causing serious threat to In this study, we surveyed butterflies for their abundance diversity three areas differentially affected by endosulfan, i.e., Govindgarh-highly area, Jayanti Kunj-moderately Kothi Compound-unaffected conducted between end monsoon season beginning winter season, which lasts approximately 100 days. Seven variables viz., butterfly (N), species richness (S), Simpson’s reciprocal index (D), Shannon–Wiener (H′), exponential (expH′), Pielou’s evenness (J) (D/S), related were estimated, followed one-way ANOVA (F = 25.01, p